Dry Tortugas National Park is a captivating natural wonder located approximately 70 miles west of Key West, Florida. Composed of a cluster of seven small islands, this remote park is known for its pristine white sand beaches, vibrant coral reefs, and rich historical significance. At the heart of the park lies Fort Jefferson, a massive 19th-century coastal fortress that stands as a testament to the nation’s maritime history. When you visit this park, you can explore the fort’s impressive architecture, snorkel in its waters teeming with marine life, and relax on the beaches surrounded by turquoise waters. Whether you’re seeking adventure, relaxation, or a glimpse into the past, Dry Tortugas National Park offers an unforgettable experience in a truly remote and unspoiled environment.
Fun Facts about Dry Tortugas National Park
- Dry Tortugas National Park was established as a national park in 1992, aiming to protect its unique natural and cultural resources for future generations to enjoy. It covers approximately 100 square miles of land and sea.
- Dry Tortugas National Park is one of the most remote national parks in the United States, situated about 70 miles west of Key West, Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico.
- The park is home to Fort Jefferson, one of the largest coastal forts ever built. Construction of the fort began in 1846 but was never completed. It served as a military prison during the Civil War and is now a major attraction within the park.
- The waters surrounding Dry Tortugas are part of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, providing habitat for a diverse variety of marine life, including colorful coral reefs, tropical fish, sea turtles, and various species of sharks.
- Dry Tortugas has played a significant role in American history, serving as a strategic military outpost and maritime navigation point since the 19th century. The area’s history includes Spanish explorers, shipwrecks, and naval battles.
- Loggerhead Key, one of the islands within the park, is home to a historic lighthouse that dates back to 1858. The lighthouse played a crucial role in guiding ships through the treacherous waters of the area.
- The waters surrounding Dry Tortugas are exceptionally clear, offering excellent visibility for snorkeling and diving activities. Visitors can explore vibrant coral reefs, underwater caves, and shipwrecks teeming with marine life.
A Quick Look at Dry Tortugas National Park
- Best time of year to visit. Summer seas tend to be not as rough, but there is an increased chance of hurricanes. Most people visit the park between the months of November and April.
- How to get there. The nearest airport is Key West International Airport (EYW) and the closest major airport is Miami International Airport (MIA). The only way to get to the park is by boat or seaplane. There are ferry and seaplane services that will bring you to Garden Key.
- Yankee Freedom ferry schedule (local time).
- Check in time: 7:00 am (campers 6:00am)
- Departure time: 8:00 am
- Arrive at Fort Jefferson: 10:30 am
- Departure time: 3:00 pm
- Arrive in Key West: 5:30 pm
- How long to stay. One day is enough time if all you are looking to do is visit the fort and do some snorkeling or kayaking but staying two or three days gives you enough time to visit much more of what the park has to offer.
- Places to stay. The only place to stay within the park boundaries is the Garden Key Campground.
Things to Know Before Going to Dry Tortugas National Park
- Cell phone reception is unavailable in the park. Before you head to the park, I highly recommend that you download and have offline copies of any reservation details, directions, or permits.
- Bring food and water. Because the park is so far out at sea, there are no freshwater sources. There are also very limited goods and services available. When visiting, you must provide your own food, water, and all other supplies and be self-sufficient for your entire stay.
- Have offline access to hiking trail maps. I highly recommend that you have downloaded versions of any trail that you plan on hiking. If you do not have access to a fancy GPS, you should download the AllTrails app and upgrade to AllTrails+ for $35.99 a year. This upgrade lets you download topographical, satellite, and other varieties of offline trails, shows you where you are, how far you have gone, and how much longer you must go, as well as your elevation gain, speed, and estimated burned calories. I use it for every non-overnight hike that I do.
- Pack essential items and proper clothing. Some very basic, but essential items that should always be carried while hiking include a navigation system, a flashlight or headlamp, sun protection, a first aid kit, insect repellent, a knife, matches, a lighter, or a fire started, extra food and water beyond the minimum expectation, and extra clothes such as a rain jacket, wind breaker, and warmer layers. Some of these items may feel unnecessary at first glance but it is better to have something and not need it, than to need it and not have it.
- Dry Tortugas National Park charges an entry fee. These fees usually cost $35 and grant you a week of additional access to over 425 sites that are also run by the National Park Service. If you plan on visiting three or more parks within a year, then I recommend you purchase the America the Beautiful annual pass. This pass will make entering parks a bit quicker, much easier, and provides you with access to the same number of parks that the week-long pass does, but for an entire year.
Sixteen Fun Things to Do at Dry Tortugas National Park
1. Hike the Fort Jefferson Loop
- Length: 0.5 miles
The Fort Jefferson Loop offers a fascinating journey through history and natural beauty. This self-guided walking tour takes you around the perimeter of Fort Jefferson, allowing you to explore its massive walls, bastions, and historic structures. Along the way, interpretive signs provide insights into the fort’s role in American history, its construction, and the daily life of soldiers stationed there. The loop also offers stunning views of the surrounding turquoise waters, making it an excellent way to start your visit to this park.
2. Historical Interpretation
The interpretive signs in Dry Tortugas National Park serve as informative guides, offering valuable insights into the park’s history, ecology, and cultural significance. Strategically placed throughout key locations such as Fort Jefferson and nature trails, these signs provide context and understanding to enhance your overall experience. Interpretive signs play a crucial role in educating and engaging visitors, fostering a deeper appreciation for the natural and cultural treasures of Dry Tortugas National Park.
3. Explore Inside Fort Jefferson
Fort Jefferson is a historic coastal fortress, standing as one of the largest masonry structures in the Western Hemisphere. Constructed in the 19th century, the fort served as a military outpost and later as a prison during the Civil War. Its imposing walls and architectural offer a glimpse into the strategic importance of the area in maritime history.
4. Snorkeling
Snorkeling in Dry Tortugas National Park is an unparalleled underwater adventure in pristine, crystal-clear waters. With vibrant coral reefs teeming with marine life, snorkelers can encounter a large variety of marine life. Whether exploring the shallow reefs near the shore or venturing to deeper sites, snorkeling in this park promises unforgettable encounters with the diverse and thriving ecosystems of the park’s marine environment.
5. Scuba Diving
Although I did not do this activity, I would very much like to come back here one day to do so. With its clear turquoise waters and abundant marine life, the park offers many opportunities for unforgettable underwater exploration. Divers can discover stunning coral formations, intricate underwater caves, and fascinating shipwrecks dating back to the 19th century. From shallow reefs to deeper dive sites, Dry Tortugas provides a diverse range of underwater landscapes and ecosystems to discover, making it a must-visit destination for diving enthusiasts.
6. Hike the Bush Key Trail
- Elevation: 0.9 miles
The Bush Key Trail is a serene and scenic hiking experience through pristine wilderness. This trail winds through the interior of Bush Key, providing opportunities to observe the island’s unique ecosystems. With panoramic views of the surrounding turquoise waters and the distant Fort Jefferson, the Bush Key Trail offers a peaceful retreat and a chance to connect with nature in this remote and unspoiled environment.
7. Birdwatching
Birdwatching here can be a captivating experience, with the park serving as a sanctuary for over 300 species of birds. You can observe a diverse array of avian life, including seabirds, shorebirds, and migratory species. With its remote location and protected habitat, Dry Tortugas offers unparalleled opportunities for birdwatchers to observe and appreciate the natural beauty of these feathered inhabitants.
8. Picnicking
Picnicking in Dry Tortugas National Park is a delightful way to enjoy the natural beauty and tranquility of the islands. You can choose from many designated picnic areas offering scenic views of the turquoise waters and white sandy beaches. With the park’s remote location and pristine environment, picnicking in Dry Tortugas provides a unique and memorable outdoor dining experience.
9. Kayaking
Kayaking in this park offers an unforgettable adventure through pristine waters and breathtaking scenery. Paddlers can explore hidden coves, mangrove forests, and secluded beaches, immersing themselves in the park’s serene natural environment. Whether embarking on a guided tour or venturing out independently, kayaking in Dry Tortugas provides a unique perspective and a memorable way to experience the beauty of this remote national park.
10. Guided Tours
Taking a guided tour in Dry Tortugas National Park provides the opportunity to delve deeper into the park’s rich history, ecology, and wildlife. Led by knowledgeable park rangers, these tours provide valuable insights and behind-the-scenes access to key attractions such as Fort Jefferson. With various tour options available, you can choose the adventure that best suits your interests and preferences, ensuring a memorable and educational visit to Dry Tortugas National Park.
11. Visit the Remains of the South Coaling Dock
Visiting the remains of the South Coaling Dock that was once used by the U.S. Navy offers a fascinating glimpse into the park’s maritime history. These weathered remnants stand as witnesses to the strategic importance of the area during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Exploring the dock’s remains allows you to imagine the bustling activity that once took place here, as ships were resupplied with coal for their voyages. With interpretive signs providing context, you can gain a deeper understanding of the park’s role in naval operations and appreciate the ingenuity of past engineering endeavors.
12. Camping
Camping overnight in Dry Tortugas National Park offers a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in the serene beauty of this remote wilderness. With primitive campsites available on Garden Key, you can experience the wonders of sleeping under the stars in a pristine coastal environment. As day-trippers depart, you can enjoy the tranquility of the island, listening to the gentle lapping of waves. Camping in Dry Tortugas provides an authentic outdoor experience for anyone seeking adventure and solitude amidst nature’s splendors.
13. Watch the Sunset
It’s hard to find spots on the East coast where the sun sets over the ocean, but since this park is roughly 70 miles out to see, this is a perfect spot to see it. Watching the sunset in this park is a breathtaking experience that casts a golden glow over the pristine landscape. With unobstructed views from the island’s shores, witnessing the sunset in Dry Tortugas National Park offers a serene and awe-inspiring moment of tranquility, making it a memorable highlight of any visit to the park.
14. Stargazing
Stargazing in Dry Tortugas National Park offers an unparalleled opportunity to marvel at the beauty of the night sky free from light pollution. With its remote location far from city lights, the park provides optimal conditions for observing space. As darkness falls over the islands, you can gaze upwards to witness countless stars twinkling overhead, along with the Milky Way stretching across the horizon. Stargazing in this park promises a magical and unforgettable experience, connecting you to the vastness and wonder of the universe.
15. Watch the Sunrise
As the sun emerges on the horizon, the waters become bathed in soft morning light. With the island’s peaceful ambiance and unobstructed views, witnessing the sunrise in Dry Tortugas National Park offers a moment of quiet reflection and awe-inspiring beauty, making it a truly unforgettable start to any day in the park.
16. Visit the Lighthouse on Loggerhead Key
The historic lighthouse on Loggerhead Key stands as a beacon of maritime history and architectural splendor. Built in 1858, this towering structure served as a crucial navigational aid for ships traversing the waters of the Florida Keys. Rising above the island’s landscape, the lighthouse continues to guide mariners with its distinctive light pattern.